Competency CM 7.4: Define, calculate and interpret morbidity and mortality indicators based on given set of data.

• Morbidity is defined as any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological well- being.

• It encompasses disease, injury, and disability.

• Measures of morbidity

  • No. who become ill (incidence)

  • No. who  are ill  (prevalence)

  • Duration of illnesses

• Examples of Morbidity Indicators

  • Attack Rate

  • Secondary Attack Rate

  • Incidence Rate

  • Incidence Rate (Spells)

  • Point Prevalence Rate

  • Period Prevalence Rate

Let us see how to calculate these above mentioned measurements using an example .

In city A, the population was 7,00,000. With 90,000 children below the age of 5 years. The number of people suffering from respiratory tract infections was 8000 in the year 2024. The number of episodes of respiratory infections  reported was 12000. 

There were 1000 leprosy cases as on 1st Jan 2024. During the year 2024 another 3000 new cases of leprosy occurred. 2000 of the leprosy cases were declared cured, while the remaining 2000 were still on treatment on 31st Dec 2024.

Of the 90,000 children below five years of age, 45000 were not vaccinated for Measles. A total of 4500 cases of Measles were reported in children below 5  years of age. In an orphanage in the city with 400 children 100 were unvaccinated, of whom one unvaccinated child developed measles. Following this another 89 cases occurred in the orphanage.

• • Calculate Attack Rate of Measles in City A in children below 5 years of age.

  • Calculate Secondary Attack Rate of Measles in children in the Orphanage.

  • Calculate incidence rate of respiratory tract infection in population.

  • Calculate Incidence Rate of spells of respiratory tract infection in population.

  • Calculate Point Prevalence Rate of Leprosy on 31st December 2024 in city A.

  • Calculate Prevalence Rate of Leprosy in the year 2024 in city A.