Practice Questions 

COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH

CM 1.1 - Define and describe the concept of public health

1. Concept of Public Health

2. In the village A, situated in central India, there is an increase in number of cases with vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. As a Distict Health Officer how would you manage the situation by applying  the steps of Public Health Approach.

3. Community Medicine

4. Differentiate between Clinical Medicine and Community Medicine.

5. Differentiate between Clinical Medicine and Public Health

CONCEPTS OF HEALTH

CM 1.2 - Define health; describe the concept of holistic health including concept of spiritual health and the relativeness & determinants of health.

1. Mental Dimensions of Health (MUHS-2018-S)

2. Define Health. Discuss the different dimensions of health.

3. Mr. X a 45 year old man lost his only son in an accident at the age of 15 years. He was unable to sleep, and would stay awake for several nights. He would keep telling his wife, that their son had called saying he is coming home. He would insist his wife cook their son's favourite food. He started drinking alcohol. He would wake up from his sleep, saying that his was calling out to him to save him. Which health dimension is affected? Explain the signs and symptoms and methods of evaluation to screen for this dimension of health.

4. List determinants of health. Explain the role of behavioral and socio-cultural conditions on health.(3+4) -MUHS-W-2025

5. Describe the determinants of health with examples.

6. Spectrum of Health (MUHS-2007-S)

HEALTH INDICATORS

CM 1.7 - Enumerate and describe health indicators.

1. Human Development Index (2021-S, 2020-W, 2019-S, 2016-S, 2014-W, 2012-W, 2011-W, 2007-S, MUHS-2006-W)

1. Classify Indicators of health. Write about mortality indicators.(MUHS -2019-W) 

2. Health Care Delivery Indicator (MUHS-2018-W)

3. Disability adjusted life years (MUHS-2011-S)

4. Indicators of Health (MUHS-2009-S)

5. Disability Indices (MUHS-2005-W)

6. Define the terms health and morbidity. Describe in short  any six indicators of health (MUHS-2003-W)

7. Describe the methods for standardisation of mortality rates. 

8. Physical Quality of Life Index. 

CONCEPTS OF DISEASE CAUSATION

CM 1.3 - Describe the characteristics of the agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multi-factorial etiology of disease.

1. Multifactorial causation (MUHS-2019-W)

2. Web of causation(MUHS-2018-W)

3. Describe the Epidemiological triad.

4. Define Risk Factor. Explain the concept of risk approach.

5. Describe the agent, host and environmental factors that influence health.

NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE

CM 1.4 - Describe and discuss the natural history of disease.

1. Natural history of Disease (2012-W, MUHS-2011-S)

2. Describe briefly the natural history of disease. Mention the levels of prevention and modes of intervention in relation to natural history.(MUHS-2007-W)

3. Iceberg phenomenon (2023-W, 2017-W, 2015-W, MUHS-2004-W)

LEVELS OF PREVENTION

CM 1.5 - Describe the application of interventions at various levels of prevention

1. Describe briefly the natural history of disease. Mention the levels of prevention and modes of intervention in relation to natural history.(MUHS-2007-W)

2. There is rising trend of oral cancers in the country. Tobacco consumption has increased in adolescents. Explain the levels of prevention and modes of intervention that can be applied to tackle the issue of oral cancer.

3. Describe various levels of prevention with suitable examples(MUHS-2006-S) / Levels of Prevention(MUHS-2014-W 2015-S)

4. Modes of Intervention(MUHS-2009-S)

5. Explain with examples the concept of Primordial 'prevention(MUHS-2002-W)/ Primordial Prevention(, 2013-S, 2010-W, MUHS-2009-W)

6. Differentiate between the terms-Impairment, Disability and Handicap. Explain the types of Rehabilitation under Tertiary Prevention with suitable examples.(MUHS-2017-W)

7. Tertiary Prevention(2016-S, MUHS-2005-S)

CLINICO-SOCIO-CULTURAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT

CM 2.1 - Describe the steps and perform clinico-socio-cultural and demographic assessment of the individual, family and community.

1. Kinds of Interview  (MUHS 2019-W)

2. Desscribe the steps of performing a survey to collect demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural practices.

SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS

CM 2.2 - Describe the sociocultural factors, family (types), its role in health and disease & demonstrate in a simulated environment the correct assessment of socio-economic status.

1. Define Society and Culture. Write in brief about cultural factors in health and disease (MUHS 2024-W)

2. Acculturation (MUHS-2017, MUHS-2006)

3. Role of Socio-cultural Factors in health and disease (MUHS-2015-W)

4. Cultural factors in health and disease. ( 2013-S, MUHS-2009-W, 2004-W)

FAMILY

CM 2.2 - Describe the sociocultural factors, family (types), its role in health and disease & demonstrate in a simulated environment the correct assessment of socio-economic status.

1. Problem Family (MUHS-2023-W)

2. Define Family and Describe different family types. Discuss role of family in health and disease. (MUHS-2020-W) 

3. Describe the role of family in health and disease, with examples (2009-W, 2006-S, MUHS-2003-W ) / Enumerate health indicators. Describe role of family in health & disease (MUHS-2001-W) 

4. Define the term family. Explain with example the types of family. (MUHS-2002-W)

5. Family life cycle (MUHS-2006-W)

6. Functions of family (2021-S, 2015-W,  MUHS-2007-S, )

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

CM 2.2 - Describe the sociocultural factors, family (types), its role in health and disease & demonstrate in a simulated environment the correct assessment of socio-economic status.

1. Socio-economic status scale  (MUHS 2018-S)

2. Prasad's social classification  (MUHS 2005-W)

HEALTH AND HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR

CM 2.3 - Describe and demonstrate in a simulated environment the assessment of barriers to good health and health-seeking behaviour.

1. Enumerate and describe barriers to good health and health seeking behaviour

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, COMMUNITY BEHAVIOUR

CM 2.4 - Describe social psychology, community behaviour and community relationship and their impact on health and disease.

1. Write note on Dynamics of Social change and its relation with Health. (Winter 22)

2. Social defense  (MUHS 2019-S, 2014-S )

3. Primary social relationship  (MUHS 2008 W, 2003-S )

4. Defence mechanisms in human psychology.  (MUHS 2007-S)

5. Qualities of group  (MUHS 2004-W)

6. Types of Behaviour  (MUHS 2004-W)

7. Role of emotions in health and disease   (MUHS 2003-S)

8. Ways of motivation  (MUHS 2003-W)

9. Define the terms Role, social-controls and social stress. Describe the determinants, steps and role of a doctor in social change.  (MUHS 2003-S)

URBANISATION

1. Differenciation of urban and rural communities  (MUHS 2003-S)

2. Define the terms community and society. Describe the effects of urbanization.  (MUHS 2002-W)

3. Health hazards of urbanisation  (MUHS-2019-S, 2005-W)

HOSPITAL SOCIOLOGY

CM 1.10 - Demonstrate the important aspects of the doctor-patient relationship in a simulated environment.

1. Doctor-patient relationship  (MUHS 2016-S, 2014-W, 2010-W, 2006-W)

2. Write briefly on Doctor Patient relationships. Discuss Consumer Protection Act in relation to medical services  (MUHS 2018-W)

3. Describe the important aspects  for  maintaining a healthy doctor patient relationship.

4. Describe the role of Medical Social Worker. (7) - MUHS-W-2025

5. Role of medical social worker in community health  (MUHS 2001-W)

6. Hospital Sociology  (MUHS 2008-W)

POVERTY AND SOCIAL SECURITY

CM 2.5 - Describe poverty and social security measures and their relationship to health and disease.

1. Human Poverty Index. (MUHS - Winter 22)

2. Define poverty. Describe the effect of poverty on health and disease. 

3. Discuss social security measures in India.

AIR POLUUTION

CM 3.1 - Describe the health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation and pollution.

1. Describe sources and health effects on air pollution.(3+4) - MUHS-W-2025

2. It is the winter season in Delhi, and the city is experiencing severe air pollution. The Air Quality Index(AQI) has reached hazardous levels, with levels of P.M. 2.5 qnd P.M. 10 exceeding safe limits. Schools have been closed, outdoor activiites have been restricted and the government has issued health advisory urging residents especially those with pre-existing respiratory conditions to stay indoors. As a public health official in Delhi, you are taksed with developing strategy to address the current air pollution crisis.(i) what could be the possible sources for such pollution.(ii) What strategies will you adopt to curb such pollution(MUHS 2024-W)

3. l) Write note on Air pollution Indicators : Sulphur dioxide, Smoke and Suspended Particles.(Winter 2022)

4. Define sources of air pollution. Enumerate harmful effects of air pollution and write in brief about measures to prevent air pollution.  (MUHS 2020-W)

5. Indoor air pollution  (MUHS 2019-W)

6. Enumerate the sources of air pollution. Mention the indicators of air pollution. Briefly describe the causative factors of air pollution and suggest measures for control of the same.  (MUHS 2017-W)

7. Hazards of air pollution and its prevention.  (MUHS 2016-S)

8. Enumerate the sources of air pollution. Write about the health effects of air pollution and monitoring, prevention and control of air pollution  (MUHS 2014-W)

9. Describe the health hazards of air pollution in big cities. Outline briefly the measures to bring down the problem of air pollution.  (MUHS 2011-S)

10. Define Air Pollution. Describe sources of Air Pollution. Monitoring of Air Pollution. Effects of Air Pullution. Suggest suitable preventive and control measures.  (MUHS 2009-S)

11. Enumerate harmful effects of air pollution  on health. Describe the sources of air pollution and measures to control them.  (MUHS 2002-W)

12. Enumerate the effects of air pollution. Write in brief the prevention and control measures for reducing the same  (MUHS 2005-S)

13. What are the sources and indicators of air pollution ? Describe in brief health hazards due to air pollution and measures to prevent and control air pollution.  (MUHS 2005-W)

NOISE POLLUTION

CM 3.1 - Describe the health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation and pollution.

1. Explain the measures for control of noise pollution.  (MUHS 2018-S)

2. Effects of noise exposure / Hazards of Noise  (2010-W, MUHS 2009-S)

RADIATION

CM 3.1 - Describe the health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation and pollution.

1. Biological effects of radiation  (MUHS 2021-S)

2. Radiation hazards  (MUHS 2015-S, 2013-W, 2013-S, 2007-W)

TEMPERATURE AND CLIMATE

CM 3.1 - Describe the health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation and pollution.

1. Write note on Heat stress Indices. What are the effects of heat stress on health, describe in brief.(Winter 2023)

2. Heat stress indices  (MUHS 2019-W)

3. Indices of thermal comfort.  (MUHS 2017-W, 2015-W, 2007-W,)

4. Effect of climate change on health  (MUHS 2011-W)

5. Heat stroke  (MUHS 2009-W, 2006-W)

6. Nonconventional sources of energy  (MUHS 2003-W)

7. Heat exhaustion  (MUHS 2001-W)

WATER POLLUTION

CM 3.1 - Describe the health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation and pollution.

1. Enumerate sources of water pollution. Describe the health hazards of water pollution.

WATER SOURCES AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 

CM 3.2 - Describe concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of water, water purification processes, water quality standards, concepts of water conservation and rainwater harvesting.

1. Describe drinking water quality & standards.  (MUHS 2008-W, 2008-S)

2. What is safe and wholesome water ?Compare the quality of water from various ground water sources. Describe in brief methods of purification of water on domestic scale.  (MUHS 2006-W)

3. Pre-requisites of sanitary well  (MUHS 2009-W, 2003-S)

WATER PURIFICATION, 

CM 3.2 - Describe concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of water, water purification processes, water quality standards, concepts of water conservation and rainwater harvesting.

1. Break point chlorination  (MUHS 2019-W)

2. Write in brief about purification of water on a small scale  (MUHS 2019-W)

3. Describe the method of water purification in urban area  (MUHS 2012-W)

4. Presumptive Coliform test  (MUHS 2012-W,  2011-S )

5. Slow Sand Filtration  (MUHS 2011-W)

6. Define safe and wholesome water. Enumerate water borne diseases. Describe water purification on a large scale.  (MUHS 2010-W)

7. Orthotoludine test.  (MUHS 2008-W, 2002-W)

8.  Steps in disinfection of well.  (MUHS 2007-S) 

WATERBORNE DISEASES

CM 3.3 - Describe the aetiology and basis of waterborne diseases/ jaundice/hepatitis/ diarrheal diseases

1. Enumerate waterborne diseases. Describe the epidemiology, management, prevention and control of diarrhoeal diseases.

2. What do you mean by Safe and Wholesone H20. Enumerate Water Borne Diseaes. Purifcation of H20 on small scale in detail  (MUHS 2015-S)

3. What is safe and wholesome water. Classify water related diseases. 

4. Enlist water borne diseases (viral and bacterial).  (MUHS 2005-S)

WASTE DISPOSAL

CM 3.4 - Describe the concept of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal.

1. Sanitation barrier  (MUHS 2019-W, MUHS 2018-S, 2013-S, 2011-W)

2. What is sanitation barrier ? Draw a neat diagram for the same.Explain how it helps in the prevention of diseases, with suitable examples.  (MUHS 2009-S)

3. Composting  (MUHS 2019-W)

4. Write down in detail about disposal of solid waste in urban areas  (MUHS 2014-S)

5. Septic Tank  (MUHS 2012-W)

6. Soakage pit  (MUHS 2005-W, 2001-W)

7. Biogas plant  (MUHS 2004-W)

8. Health hazards of improper solid waste disposal (Non hospital)  (MUHS 2005-S)

9. Oxidation pond  (MUHS 2014-W, 2001-W)

HOUSING

CM 3.5 - Describe the standards of housing and the effect of housing on health.

1. Standards of ventillation  (MUHS 2018-W)

2. Housing and Health  (MUHS 2007-S)

3. Overcrowding  (MUHS 2009-S)

4. Effect of poor housing on health  (MUHS 2006-W)

VECTORS

CM 3.6 - Describe the role of vectors in the causation of diseases. Also discuss the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme.

CM 3.7 - Identify and describe the identifying features and life cycles of vectors of Public Health importance and their control measures.

1. Control of houseflies  (MUHS 2018-S)

2. Space sprays against mosquitoes  (MUHS 2017-W)

3. Integrated vector control  (MUHS 2007-W)

4. Control of mosquito nuisance  (MUHS 2003-W)

5. Aedes mosquitoes  (MUHS 2001-W)

6. Enumerate the diseases covered under the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme. Discuss briefly the salient features of NVBDCP.

7. Compare and Contrast the identifying features and life cycle of Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes.

INSECTICDES

CM 3.8 - Describe the mode of action, and application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides.

1. Toxicity of Organochlorine compounds (Winter 2023) / Toxicity of insecticides.  (MUHS 2008-W)

2. Anti-rodent measures  (MUHS 2021-S, 2022-W) / Control of rodents  (MUHS 2015-S)

3. DDT. Enlist the toxic effects of D.D.T. on man. Mention the full name of the chemical.  (MUHS 2011-S, 2002-W)

CONCEPTS IN HEALTH EDUCATION

CM 1.6 - Describe and discuss the concepts, the principles of Health promotion and Education, IEC and Behavioral change communication (BCC).

1. Behaviour Change communication (MUHS-2011-S)

PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION

1. Principles of Health Education (  2022-W, 2019-S, 2018-W, 2010-W,) / What are the principles of Health Education. Explain different methods of health communications  (MUHS 2021-S)

2. Define health education and discuss aims and objectives, approaches to health education and principles of health education(MUHS- 2014-W, 2013-W, 2011-W)

APPROACHES AND MODELS OF HEALTH EDUCATION

1. Define Health Education. Discuss the approaches and models of health education.(MUHS-2017-W)

2. The health education regarding compulsory use of mask in Covid-19 pandemic was done to create awareness in the community. Comment on this approach of health education.

Describe the four approaches of health education with suitable example.(MUHS 2023-W)

3. What are health education models?.(3 marks) - MUHS-W-2025

4. Models of Health Education (MUHS-2009-W)

5. A university aims to ensure that its campus is tobacco free. Explain which approach and model of health education should be adopted by the University.

HEALTH EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROPOGANDA

1. Define Health Education. Identify opportunities for giving health education. Compare and contrast health education and propoganda (MUHS-2004-W)

2. Difference in health education and propoganda(MUHS-2002-W) / Differentaite between Health Education and Health Propaganda with examples, wherever necessary(MUHS 2024-W

3. Define health education. (1 mark). Explain how health education is not health propaganda. Justify with examples. (3 marks) What are health education models?.(3 marks) -(MUHS-2025-W)

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

CM 1.9 - Demonstrate the role of effective communication skills in health in a simulated environment.

1. A three year old child of a tribal mother has presented to primary health centre with excessive crying, refusal to feed and failure to thrive. Child has 2 episodes of loose motions and developed lethargy today. Mother is worried and panic. Communicate to the mother for further line of management accordingt o IMNCI guidelines in the manner she will understand. (7) - MUHS-Winter-2025

2. Communication Process (MUHS-2014-W)

3. Discuss Barriers of Communication.Barriers in communication.  (MUHS 2017-W, 2015-S, 2011-S, 2009-S, 2006-W,)

4. Functions of health communication (MUHS-2008-W, 2011-W, 2016-S)

5. Importance and Components of Communication (MUHS-2003-W)

6. Draw a diagram of communications process. Enumerate the various types of communication.Write about cultural barriers in communication (MUHS-2002-W)

7. Communication in Health (MUHS-2001-W)

8. Discuss how verbal and non-verbal communication skills can affect a doctor patient communication. 

9. You have been asked to give a health talk in the PNC ward regarding breastfeeding. Discuss the likely barriers of communication.

METHODS OF HEALTH EDUCATION

CM 4.1 - Describe various methods of health education with their advantages and limitations.

1. Describe the various methods in health communication(MUHS-2019-S) / Methods in health communication  (MUHS 2007-S)

2. Demonstration  (MUHS 2019-W, 2012-W)

3. Symposium and Workshops  (MUHS 2018-W)

4. Limitations of group discussion.  (MUHS 2016-W)

5. Mass media-limitation and Potential.  (MUHS 2016-W)

6. Enumerate the different methods in health communication. Describe the approaches of health communication(MUHS-2014-S)

7. Role Play   (MUHS 2005-W)

PLANNING AND EVALUATION OF HEALTH EDUCATION 

CM 4.2 - Describe the methods of organizing health promotion and education and counselling activities at individual family and community settings.

CM 4.3 - Demonstrate and describe the steps in the evaluation of health promotion and education programme.

1. Describe the steps in planning an health education programme on Malaria.

2. Describe the steps in evaluation of health education programme.

3. Define Evaluation. Discuss the different types of evaluation.

NUTRIENTS

CM 5.1 - Describe the common sources of various nutrients and special nutritional requirements according to age, sex, activity, physiological conditions.

CM 5.3 - Define and describe common nutrition related health disorders (including macro-PEM, Micro-iron, Zn, iodine, Vit. A), their control and management.

CM 5.15 - Demonstrate knowledge of the role of nutrition in health promotion and disease prevention

Proteins

1. Define supplementary action of proteins. Enlist any four food items which are examples of supplementary action of proteins. Compare and contrast Marasmus and Kwashiorkar with atleast 3 points of differentation.(2+2+3) (MUHS 2026-S)

2. Explain supplementary action of proteins with examples./ Supplementary Action of proteins  (MUHS 2003-S)

3. Enumerate indicators of quality of proteins  (MUHS 2007-W)

4. Reference Protein  (MUHS 2013-S)

Carbohydrates

1. Significance of cereals in diet  (MUHS 2003-S)

2. Significance of fibres in diet  (MUHS 2002-W)

3. Transfatty Acids  (MUHS 2009-W)

Antioxidants

1. Dietary antioxidants.  (MUHS 2016-W)

Riboflavin

1. Enumerate clinical manifestations of riboflavin deficiency and mention its daily requirements  (MUHS 2004-W)

Vitamin A

1. Describe the various methods for the prevention and control of Vitamin A deficiency. (MUHS - Winter 2022 - SAQ)

2. Vitamin A deficiency  (MUHS 2014-W)

3. Vitamin A Prophylaxis  (MUHS 2006-S)

4. Xerophthalmia  (MUHS 2013-W, 2019-S)

5. List the major nutritional problems in our country. Describe in detail the magnitude of problem, factors associated and prevention of Vitamin A deficiency  (MUHS 2018-S)

Iron, Anaemia

1. Define Nutrition and food. Enumerate nutritional programmes implemented in India. Enlist specific objectives of Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme  (MUHS 2003-W)

2. Define nutritional anaemia. Describe the epidemiology and prevention of nutritional anaemia  (MUHS 2009-S)

3. An adult non-pregnant women's venous blood haemoglobin level is 11.9 gm/dl. Comment on the Haemoglobin level and its detrimental effect on this women. Discuss the interventions to control nutritional anaemia in the community.Add a note on Anaemia Mukt Bharat. (MUHS Winter 2023 - LAQ)

Fluorine

1. Endemic fluorosis (7 marks)  (MUHS-2026-S) (MUHS 2005-S, 2011-W, 2015-W)

Iodine

1. Enumerate National Nutritional Programmes in India.and Describe National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme.  (MUHS 2020-W)

2. Enumerate the nutritional problems in India. Describe the epidemiology and control of iodine deficiency disorders.  (MUHS 2014-S)

3. Enumerate various disorders associated with lodine deficiency. Write in brief about the various activities under National lodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme.  (MUHS 2016-S)

NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT

CM 5.2 - Describe and demonstrate the correct method of performing a nutritional assessment of individuals, families and the community by using the appropriate method.

CM 5.9 - Perform nutritional assessment of individual, family and community using appropriate method and plan a diet for health promotion based on the assessment.

CM 5.14 - Demonstrate an awareness of their own personal health and nutrition.

Nutritional Assessment of an Individual

1. Enumerate four major nutritional problems in our country.(2 marks) How will you assess the nutritional status of a 36 months old child attending your PHC.(5 marks) What are the strategies that should be taken for prevention and control of PEM. (5 marks) - MUHS-W-2025

2. Describe in brief the methods used to assess the nutritional status of children below five years of age in a community  (MUHS 2005-W) 

3. Describe the assessment of nutritional status of a five year old child  (MUHS 2003-S)

Nutritional Assessment of a community

1. Decribe in brief about various steps involved in assessment of nutritional status of a community  (MUHS 2006-W,  2010-W)

Dietary Survey

1. Describe Dietary Survey Methods. / Diet Surveys  (MUHS 2001-W, 2003-W)

2. Define Nutrition. Enlist different methods of diet survey. Write on various community nutrition programmes in India  (MUHS 2012-W)

BALANCED DIET

CM 5.4 - Plan and recommend a suitable diet for the individuals and families based on local availability of foods and economic status, etc. in a simulated environment.

CM 5.10 - Recommend a dietary plan for a person with DM/ HTN/ Obesity in a simulated environment/FAP/Clinical posting.

CM 5.11 - Plan a diet for an adult which meets the protein (macro nutrients) requirements as per latest RDA-NIN guidelines for vegetarian/ ovo-vegetarian/non-vegetarian.

CM 5.20 - Counsel for diet modification for a diabetic/ hypertensive/obese

individual

1. Dietary Goals  (MUHS 2008-W) / Write in brief about dietary goals.  (MUHS 2016-S)

2. Prudent diet  (MUHS 2009-S)

3. Describe principles of prudent diet. While formulating a diet plan what are the additional points to be kept in mind other than the principles of prudent diet.

NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMME - NUTRITION

CM 5.6 - Enumerate and discuss the National Nutrition Policy, important national nutritional programmes including the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) etc.

1. Enumerate different nutritional programme launched by Government of India. Describe any one in detail  (MUHS 2015-S)

2. Nutritional problems of under-five children.  (MUHS 2016-W)

3. Describe the National Nutrition Policy.

PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

1. Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre./ Functions of NRC (MUHS 2024-W)

2. Describe epidemiology, prevention and control of Protein Energy Malnutrition in India  (MUHS 2021-S)

3. Severe Acute Malnutrition  (MUHS 2018-W)

4. What is Protein Energy Malnutrition? Write down various classifications of Protein Energy Malnutrition. Write down the prevention of Protein Energy malnutrition in detail  (MUHS 2014-W)

5. Describe the causes, classification and prevention of Protein Energy Malnutrition  (MUHS 2009-W)

6. Enumerate any six nutritional problems in public health. How will you apply levels of prevention and modes of intervention to overcome the problem of PEM  (MUHS 2007-S)

7. Enumerate any two classification of PEM. Describe in brief the aetiology of PEM and prevention and social measures to reduce the problem of PEM  (MUHS 2007-W)

8. What are the ecological factors related to the problem of malnutrition. Describe the actions to be taken at the various levels to solve this problem  (MUHS 2005-S)

9. Describe the ecology of malnutrition. Enumerate and explain the different types of undernutrition. Discuss the measures for prevention and control of malnutrition.

Indicators of Nutritional status

10. Describe the indicators of undernutrition in children (MUHS -Winter 2022 -SAQ)

ECOLOGY OF MALNUTRITION

1. What are the ecological factors related to the problem of malnutrition. Describe the actions to be taken at the various levels to solve this problem  (MUHS 2005-S)

2. Describe the ecology of malnutrition. Enumerate and explain the different types of undernutrition. Discuss the measures for prevention and control of malnutrition.

INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE SCHEME

CM 5.6 - Enumerate and discuss the National Nutrition Policy, important national nutritional programmes including the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) etc.

1. Integrated Child Development Scheme  (MUHS 2018-W)

2. Package of services for beneficiaries under ICDS  (MUHS 2011-S, MUHS 2014-S 2015-W 2016-W)

3. Anganwadi worker.  (MUHS 2015-S 2018-W)/ Anganwadi worker's Job responsibilities  (MUHS 2004-W)

4. Components of ICDS  (MUHS 2005-W)

5. Enumerate national health programmes related to nutrition. Describe the integrated child health services programme  (MUHS 2006-S)

NUTRITION SURVEILLANCE

CM 5.5 - Describe the methods of nutritional surveillance, principles of nutritional education and rehabilitation in the context of socio-cultural factors.

1. Describe the indicators of undernutrition in children (MUHS -Winter 2022 -SAQ)

2. Explain the principles of nutrition education.

3. Define Surveillance. Describe the methods of nutritional surveillance in a community.

FOOD HYGIENE

CM 5.7 - Describe food hygiene

Milk Hygiene

1. Milk borne diseases  (MUHS 2013-S)

2. Pasteurisation of Milk  (MUHS 2008-W)

3. Tests of milk quality  (MUHS 2002-W)

4. Describe epidemiology, prevention and control measures of milk borne Diseases.  (MUHS 2016-W)

Meat Hygiene

1. Meat Hygiene  (MUHS 2019-W)

Sanitation of eating places

1. Sanitation of eating places  (MUHS 2012-W)

FOOD ADDITIVES, FORTIFICATION AND ADULTERATION

CM 5.8 - Describe and discuss the importance and methods of food fortification and effects of additives and adulteration.

1.  Food additives  (MUHS 2015-W)

2. Food Fortification  (MUHS 2004-W, 2005-S, 2013-W, 2018-S)

3. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act  (MUHS 2017-W) 

4. Adulteration of food  (MUHS 2010-W)

5. Lathyrism  (MUHS 2014-W)

6. Epidemic dropsy   (MUHS 2001-W, 2005-W, 2006-W)

7. Principles and Methods of Food preservation  (MUHS 2008-W)

8. Differentiate between food additives, food fortification and food adulteration.

FOOD ADDITIVES, FORTIFICATION AND ADULTERATION

CM 5.8 - Describe and discuss the importance and methods of food fortification and effects of additives and adulteration.

1.  Food additives  (MUHS 2015-W)

2. Food Fortification  (MUHS 2004-W, 2005-S, 2013-W, 2018-S)

3. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act  (MUHS 2017-W) 

4. Adulteration of food  (MUHS 2010-W)

5. Lathyrism  (MUHS 2014-W)

6. Epidemic dropsy   (MUHS 2001-W, 2005-W, 2006-W)

7. Principles and Methods of Food preservation  (MUHS 2008-W)

8. Differentiate between food additives, food fortification and food adulteration.

PROCESSED FOODS AND FOOD LABELS 

CM 5.19 - Assess the nutritional content of processed foods learning to understand labels, and empower patients to make informed nutritional decisions.

1.  Define processed food. Describe the contents of a food label.

RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESIS

CM 6.1 - Formulate a research question for a study.

1. Null and alternate hypothesis in tests of significance  (MUHS 2010-W, 2008-W)

2. Discuss the different types of Research Question with examples. Describe the PICOT and FINER criteria of Reasearch.

DATA PRESENTATION

CM 6.2 - Describe and discuss the principles and demonstrate the methods of collection, classification, analysis, interpretation and presentation of statistical data.

1. Enumerate methods of data presentation (MUHS-Winter 2022)

2. Operational Research  (MUHS 2019-S, 2018-S)

3. Bar charts  (MUHS 2018-S)

4. Histogram  (MUHS 2013-W, 2011-W)

5. Scatter Diagram  (MUHS 2007-S)

6. Presentation of statistical data  (MUHS 2001-W)

STATISTICAL TESTS

CM 6.3 - Describe, discuss and demonstrate the application of elementary statistical methods including tests of significance in various study designs.

1. Enlist the properties of standard normal curve / Normal Curve /Standard Normal Curve/Gaussian distribution  (MUHS 2021-S, 2020-W, 2016-S, 2010-W,  2006-S, 2005-S,2002-W)

2. Chi square test  (MUHS 2014-W, 2006-W,2005-W)

3. Relative deviate  (MUHS 2014-S)

4. Probability in a test of significance.  (MUHS 2007-W)

5. Standard Deviation   (MUHS 2005-W, 2004-W, 2003-W)/Uses of standard deviation  (MUHS 2003-S)

6. Applications of Standard Error of mean  (MUHS 2003-S)

7. Tests for Quantitative Data

SAMPLING METHODS

CM 6.4 -Enumerate, discuss and demonstrate Common sampling techniques, simple statistical methods, frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and dispersion.

1. Alpha and Beta error  (MUHS 2018-W)

2. Sampling errors  (MUHS 2014-S)

3. Sampling methods  (MUHS 2013-S, 2011-S, 2006-S)

4. Cluster sampling  (MUHS 2001-W)

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

CM 6.4 -Enumerate, discuss and demonstrate Common sampling techniques, simple statistical methods, frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and dispersion.

1. Centering constants (MUHS-Winter 2022)

2. Measures of central tendency  (MUHS 2017-W,2015-W, 2015-S, 2013-S, 2009-W,)

3. Measures of dispersion  (MUHS 2003-W)

CM 6.5 - Able to understand use of statistical software for the data analysis

CM 6.6 - Perform descriptive statistics of a given data-set and interpret

COMPUTER APPLICATION

CM 7.9 - Describe and demonstrate the application of computers in epidemiology.

1. Describe the application of computers in epidemiology.

CM 7.10 - Able to demonstrate development of research proposal.

1. 

CM 7.11 - Able to demonstrate the skills for critically appraise the research articles or research data

1.

CONCEPTS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY

CM 7.1 - Define Epidemiology and describe and enumerate the principles, concepts and uses.

1. Define epidemiology. Describe uses of epidemiology.(3+4) - (MUHS-W-2025)

2. Define epidemiology. Enumerate basic measurements in epidemiology. State uses of epidemiology  (MUHS 2016-S)

3. Uses of Epidemiology  (MUHS 2015-S, 2006-S)

MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY MEASUREMENTS

CM 7.4 - Define, calculate and interpret morbidity and mortality indicators based on given set of data.

1. Tools of measurement in epidemiology  (MUHS 2018-S) 

2. Direct and Indirect Standarzation  (MUHS 2016-S)

3. Measurement of morbidity  (MUHS 2015-S)

4. Standardised mortality ratio  (MUHS 2014-W)

5. Enumerate various indicators of health. Write in brief about mortality indicators.

6. Define Indicator. Enumerate morbidity and mortality indicators. Describe the methods for standardisation of mortality rates.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY DESIGNS

CM 7.5 - Enumerate, define, describe and discuss epidemiological study designs.

DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY DESIGN

1. Types of epidemic (MUHS-Winter 2023-S)

2. Secular Trends (MUHS -Winter 2023)

3. Define Incidence and Prevalence. Explain attack rate and secondary attack rate , Point  Prevalence and Period Prevalence. Write uses of Incidence and ' Prevalence. MUHS (Winter 2022)

4. Epidemic curve  (MUHS 2019-W, 2013-S, 2010-W, 2009-W,2005-S) 

5. Describe the descriptive epidemiology. Give uses of descriptive epidemiology.  (MUHS 2011-S)

6. Time disturibution in epidemiology  (MUHS 2003-S)

7. What is the role of descriptive type of epidemiological studies in epidemiological investigations. Give stepwise description of a typical cross sectional study.  (MUHS 2002-W)

8. What is the role of descriptive type of epidemiological studies in epidemiological investigations? 

CASE CONTROL STUDY DESIGN

CM 7.5 - Enumerate, define, describe and discuss epidemiological study designs.

1. Odds Ratio (MUHS -Winter 2023, 2014-W,  2006-S)

2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Control Study  (MUHS 2020-W)

3. Define Epidemiology. Give classification of epidemiological studies. Write in brief about basic steps in conducting case control study.  (MUHS 2019-W)

4. Confounding variables in case control studies  (MUHS 2017-W)

5. Define epidemiology Mention goals of measurement in epidemiology Write down case control study in detail  (MUHS 2015-S)

6. Differences between case control and cohort study  (MUHS 2013-W)

7. Case Control Study  (MUHS 2010-W)

8. What are the distinct features of case control study? Write in brief about the basic steps to be undertaken in conducting case control study.  (MUHS 2005-S)

COHORT STUDY DESIGN

CM 7.5 - Enumerate, define, describe and discuss epidemiological study designs.

1. Classify epidemiological studies. Describe the elements of cohort study. How will you conduct a cohort study for finding risk factors for cardiovascular diseases(4+5+3) (MUHS-W-2026)

2. Draw a schematic diagram of cohort studies. Discuss how to estimate risk in cohort study.(3+4) - MUHS-W-2025

3. A study was conducted by Royal College of General Practiitoners in England. It was initiated in 1968 after 2 years of planning 23000 users of the oral contraceptives pills aged 15-49 years together with a similar number of controls using other methods or no methods of contraceptiion were brought under observation of 1400 general practitioners. During follow-up doctors recorded the diagnosis of epidoses of illness and information about pregnancy and death. There were 4000 cases of illness found in females taking OCP while 2000 among not taking OCP. 

(i) Identify the study design with reasons. 

(ii) Draw a 2 x 2 table of above study and calculate appropriate risk with interpretation. 

(iii) Write in detail about elements of such study design.(7)

(MUHS 2024-W)

4. Explain with a table how relative risk is calculated / Relative risk (MUHS 2019-W, 2004-W, 2002-W)

5. Population attributable risk  (MUHS 2014-S)

6. Relative and attributable risk  (MUHS 2013-W)

7. Cohort MUHS (2006-S)

8. Describe the various steps in Cohort study (MUHS 2011-W)

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DESIGN

CM 7.5 - Enumerate, define, describe and discuss epidemiological study designs.

1. What are the different types of Randomised Control Trials. Describe basic steps in conducting a Randomised Control Trial  (MUHS 2021-S)

2. Mention the steps in conducting Randomised Control Trials. Discuss various types of RCT. (MUHS 2018-W) 

3. Describe the steps in conduct of a randomised control trial  (MUHS 2013-S)

4. Describe the planning and conducts of Randomised Clinical Trial with a suitable example  (MUHS 2012-W) 

5. Define Epidemiology. Describe briefly the Randomised control trial  (MUHS 2010-W)

6. Describe Randomised Control with its advantages and disadvantages  (MUHS 2008-S, 2008W) 

ASSOCIATION, CAUSATION AND BIAS

CM 7.8 - Describe the principles of association, causation and biases in epidemiological studies.

1. Association and Causation  (MUHS 2008-W)

2. Define Association. Classify the types of Association. Explain the additional criteria for judging causality.

3. Discuss the various biases that occur in an epidemiological study.

SCREENING OF DISEASES

CM 7.6 - Enumerate and evaluate the need of screening tests.

1. Define screening in health and compare between screening test and diagnostic test. (3+4) - MUHS-W-2025

2. Concept of lead time  (MUHS 2018-W)/Lead Time in Screening (MUHS-Winter 2023)

3. Explain the concept of lead time with appropriate diagram.(3) Write a note on types and uses of screening.(4)

4. Explain.Acceptability, Repeatability and Validity characteristics of Screening Test. Explain relation of Observer's variation and Biological Variation with Screening Test. (MUHS-Winter 2022)

5. Validity of the screening test  (MUHS 2021-S, 2020-W,2006-W)

6. Explain the concept of lead time. Mention types of screening. Explain the method for evaluating a screening test in detail.  (MUHS 2018-S)

7. Criteria for screening of a disease/Criteria of screening  (MUHS 2016-S, 2014-W,2003-W)

8. Describe evaluation of the screening tests./ Evaluation of Sreening Test  (MUHS 2015-S, 2008-W)

9. Sensitivity  (MUHS 2006-S)

DYNAMICS OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION

CM 7.2 - Enumerate, describe and discuss the modes of transmission and measures for prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases.

1. Generation time  (MUHS 2019-S, 2014-S)

2. Herd immunity  (MUHS 2020-W, 2009-S, 2001-W)

3. Modes of transmission of arthropod borne diseases  (MUHS 2019-S)

4. Factors affecting efficacy of sterilisation  (MUHS 2018-W)

5. Chemoprophylaxis  (MUHS 2017-W)/ What is chemoprophylaxis ? Give three examples  (MUHS 2002-W)

6. Disinfection/Types of Disnfection  (MUHS 2012-W, 2011-W, 2003-W )

7. Carriers/Significance of carriers  (MUHS 2007-W, 2003-S)

8. Extrinsic incubation period  (MUHS 2006-W, 2001-W)

9. Biological transmission/Biological transmission in arthropod-borne diseases/Biological vectorborne transmission  (MUHS, 2006-S, 2005-S, 2003-W)

10. Secondary attack rate  (MUHS 2005-S) 

INVESTIGATION OF EPIDEMIC

CM 7.7 - Describe and demonstrate the steps in the Investigation of an epidemic of communicable disease and describe the principles of control measures

CM 20.2 - Describe various issues during outbreaks and their prevention. 

1. Enumerate steps of epidemic investigation (MUHS-2023-W)

2. Define an epidemic. Describe the steps of investigation of an epidemic of suspected hepatitis A in a village of about 10000 population.  (MUHS 2017-W)

3. Define epidemic . Describe the steps in investigation of epidemics  (MUHS 2014-W)

4. Investigations of food poisoning  (MUHS 2009-S)

5. Define Epidemic. Enumerate different types of epidemics. Write down steps in investigation of an epidemic.  (MUHS 2007-S)

6. What are the objectives of epidemic investigation ? Describe in brief different steps of epidemic investigation with suitable examples.  (MUHS 2005-W)

7. Define the terms Epidemic, Endemic and Pandemic. Describe the investiagation of an epidemic of food-poisoning after a marriage party.  (MUHS 2003-S)

8. What is the role of descriptive type of Epidemiological study in investigation of an epidemic.

9. a) Describe the issue and challenges faced while controlling an epidemic.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES IN EPIDEMIC

CM 8.4 - Describe the principles and enumerate the measures to control a disease epidemic.

1. Notification of diseases  (MUHS 2019-W)

2. Concept of Disease Surveillance in Public Health  (MUHS 2018-S)

3. Write in detail about the general measures for the control of communicable diseases with suitable examples.  (MUHS 2015-W)

4. Discuss Sentinel Surveillance.(MUHS-2012-W)

5. Active Surveillance (MUHS-2011-W)

6. Notification of Disease (MUHS-2010-W)

7. Define Surveillance. Describe the various types of Surveillance. Explain the importance of Surveillance.

8. Describe the measures for prevention and control of disease epidemic.

CM 8.5 - Describe and discuss the principles of planning, implementing and evaluating control measures for disease at community level bearing in mind the public health importance of the disease.

CM 8.6 - Educate and train health workers in disease surveillance, control & treatment and health education

CM 8.1 - Describe and discuss the epidemiological and control measures including the use of essential laboratory tests at the primary care level for communicable diseases. 

CM 8.3 - Enumerate and describe disease-specific National Health Programmes including their prevention and treatment of a case.

TUBERCULOSIS

1. A 45 year old auto rickshaw driver reported to general OPD with chief complaints of cough with expectoration, evening rise fever since a month and blood in the sputum since last 2 weeks. He is suspected for Tb and his further workup was scheduled. (i) Draw a diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary tuberculosis as National TB Elimination PRogramme(NTEP) (ii) Write a note on pre-treatment counselling and evaluation for such patients. iii) Add a note on TB in HIV with respect to epidemiological impact, diagnosis and treatment. (MUHS 2024-W)

2. False negative results of sputum smear microscopy  (MUHS 2018-W)

3. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis  (MUHS 2017-W, 2013-W)

4. Antimicroboal resistance.  (MUHS 2016-S)

5. TB-HIV Coinfection.  (MUHS 2015-W)

6. Functions of District TB Officer  (MUHS 2007-W)

7. MDR-TB and DOTS plus  (MUHS 2009-W)/Multi-Drug treatment   (MUHS 2006-S).

8. Enumerate important epidemiological indices to measure the problem of tuberculosis. Describe in brief diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and different regiments recommended in RNTCP  (MUHS 2005-W)

9. Describe the epidemiology and prevention and control of tuberculosis in India.  (MUHS 2003-W)

10. Utility of tuberculin test in public health  (MUHS 2003-S)

11. Discuss role of Chemoprophylaxis in TB.

12. Describe the salient features of National TB Elimination Programme.

MEASLES

1. Elaborate the epidemiology of measles and the measures for its control and prevention.  (MUHS 2018-S)

2. Koplik's spots  (MUHS 2003-W)

CHICKENPOX

1. Describe epidemiology prevention and control of chickenpox.  (MUHS 2008-W, 2008-S)

2. Write characteristics of rash of Chicken Pox.

INFLUENZA

1. Influenza vaccine  (MUHS 2018-W) / Immunization against H1N1  (MUHS 2012-W / 2011-S)

2. Laboratory diagnosis of Influenza  (MUHS 2014-S)

MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS

1. Control of Meningococcal Meningitis  (MUHS 2011-W 2012-W)

RUBELLA

1. RA27/3 vaccine  (MUHS 2014-S)

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS

1. Control measurse for hospital acquired infection.  (MUHS 2015-W)

FOOD POSISONING

1. Define food poisoning, and state causative organisms. How will you investigate a food poisoning episode in a college hostel?(MUHS 2019-S)

2. Describe in brief various bacterial food poisonings. Suggest the steps for investigating food poisoning and state preventive and control measures for it.  (MUHS 2006-W)

POLIOMYELITIS

1. Acute Flaccid Paralysis  (MUHS 2020-W)

2. Surveillance actions in acute flaccid paralysis cases with reference to polio eradication  (MUHS 2013-W) / Acute flaccid paralysis(AFP) surveillance.  (MUHS 2005-W) / Define Acute Flaccid Paralysis. Describe the steps of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance.

3. Describe the strategies of Polio eradication in India  (MUHS 2011-W), 2008-W)

4. Pulse Polio Immunization.  (MUHS 2007-W, 2005-S)

DIARRHOEAL DISEASES

1. Enumerate various water borne infections. Describe epidemiology and control of 'Acute diarrhoeal diseases'.  (MUHS 2007-W)

2. Reduced Osmolarity ORS  (MUHS 2013-W)

3. Define Diarrhoea. Describe the assessment of a 3 year old child with diarrhoea as per IMNCI. Discuss the management of a child with severe dehydration.

TYPHOID

1. Carriers in Typhoid  (MUHS 2011-W)

2. Describe in details the investigation of an epidemic of typhoid fever.  (MUHS 2009-W)

3. Typhoid Vaccine

HEPATITIS

1. Hepatitis-C in India.  (MUHS 2008-W)

2. Describe Epidemiology, prevention and control measures of Hepatitis B.  (MUHS 2001-W)

RABIES

1. Pre-exposure prophylaxis for Rabies  (MUHS 2020-W)

2. Control of Rabies in dogs  (MUHS 2018-S)

3. Post expsoure prophylaxis in animal bites  (MUHS 2013-W)

4. Abbreviated intramuscular Regime of Anti-Rabies Vaccines  (MUHS 2008-W)

5. Antirabies vaccines  (MUHS 2003-W)

6. Post exposure prophylaxis in rabies  (MUHS 2004-W) 

LEPTOSPIROSIS

a) Enumerate Few Zoonotic diseases.  Describe prevention and control of Leptospirosis.

SCRUB TYPHUS

1. Scrub typhus  (MUHS 2009-W)

MALARIA

1. Urban Malaria Scheme  (MUHS MUHS 2019-Winter)  

2. Enumerate diseases covered under National Vector Borne Disease control programme. Describe malarial control strategies under strategic action plan for  malarial control in India.  (MUHS MUHS 2015-Winter)

3. Describe in brief approaches and strategies of malaria control.  (MUHS 2014-W, 2007-S)

4. Enumerate the vector borne diseases. Describe the integrated vector control strategy.  (MUHS 2013-W)

5. Describe the epidemiology, prevention and control of malaria in India  (MUHS 2013-S)

6. Describe the role of integrated vector control in prevention strategies for common vector borne diseases in India like Malaria  (MUHS 2009-W)

7. Insecticide treated bednets for Malaria control  (MUHS 2009-Winter)

8. Describe the epidemiology of Malaria. What measures are implemented in India for prevention and control of this disease ?What measure are implmented for international travellers ?  (MUHS 2009 - S)

9. Radical Treatment of Plasmodium Vivax as advised in national programme  (MUHS 2007-W)

10. Surveillance in Malaria  (MUHS MUHS 2006-Winter)

11. Passive surveillance in National Malaria Eradication Programme  (MUHS MUHS 2003-Summer)

12. Active surveillance under National Malaria Eradication Programme  (MUHS MUHS 2002-Winter)

DENGUE

1. Describe the epidemiology of Dengue fever in India. Discuss the prevention and control measures for the same.(6+6) -MUHS-W-2025

2. A 35 year old patient reported with high grade fever, headache, retro-orbital pain since last 10 days. On examination he is tachycardic, extremities were cool, positive tourniquet test, signs of haemorrhagie were present and hypotensive with respect to his age. His MAC ELISA was found positive for dengue.(i) Identify the stage of Dengue Fever with reason. (ii) Add a note on integrated vector control measures as per NVBDCP(MUHS 2024-W)

3. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever  (MUHS 2021-S, 2015-W)

4. Enlist arboviral diseases prevalent in India. Write down the criteria for clinical diagnosis of classical dengue fever and its control measures.  (MUHS 2019-S)

5. Management of Dengue Fever  (MUHS 2018-W)

6. Enumerate classification of arboviral diseases based on clinical syndrome with two examples of each. Write epidemiology, clinical manifestation and control of Dengue.  (MUHS 2016-S)

7. Enumerate the vector borne diseases. Describe the epidemiology and control measures for dengue fever  (MUHS 2006-S)

8. Enumerate arthropod borne viral diseases. Write in brief about "degnue syndrome". Give steps for prevention and control of degnue fever  (MUHS 2004-W)

FILARIASIS

1. Aldehyde test of Napier  (MUHS 2018-W)

2. Assessment of Filaria control Programme  (MUHS 2009-S)

3. Filaria Survey - Information obtained from it  (MUHS 2007-W)

4. Filaria Endemicity Rates  (MUHS 2006-S)

CHIKUNGUNYA

1. Chikungunya fever  (MUHS 2009-S)

HIV-AIDS

1. Write a short answer on Integrated Counseling and Testing Center (ICTC).  (MUHS 2016-S)

2. Discuss the epidemiology of HIV-AIDS in India. Explain the strategies for prevention and control of HIV-AIDS in India  (MUHS 2013-W)

3. Nevirapine  (MUHS 2013-S)

4. Transmission of AIDS  (MUHS 2010-W)

5. HIV sentinel surveillance  (MUHS 2007-W)

6. Mother to child transmission  (MUHS 2006-S)

7. Organizational setup of National AIDS Control Programme  (MUHS 2003-S)

8. Post exposure prohylaxis in HIV-AIDS (new guideline )  (MUHS S 2013-W, 2003)

9. Salient Features of National AIDS Control Programme  (MUHS 2001-W)

STI

1. Syndromic approach for urethral discharge of male patient.  (MUHS 2015-W)

2. Syndromic Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections.

LEPROSY

1. Referral System in National Leprosy Eradication Programme  (MUHS 2021-S) 

2. Describe the objectives, organizational structure and activities of National Leprosy Eradication Programme  (MUHS 2007-W)

3. MDT in leprosy  (MUHS 2004-W)

4. SET unit under NLEP  (MUHS 2003-S)

5. Decribe agent, host and environmental factors in the epidemiology of leprosy.  (MUHS 2003-S)

6. Case Detection Methods used in National Leprosy Eradication c) Programme  (MUHS 2002-W)

7. Discuss the strategies adopted for control of leprosy.

TETANUS

1. Prevention of neonatal tetanus  (MUHS 2015-S)

2. Classification of districts for Neonatal tetanus elimination.  (MUHS 2007-S)

YAWS

1. Yaws in India  (MUHS 2008-W)

EMERGING AND REMERGING DISEASES

1. Enumerate six Emerging and Remerging diseases(MUHS-W-22).

2. Control and Prevention of Ebola Virus disease  (MUHS 2019-S)

3. Define emerging and remerging diseases. Describe four emerging diseases in short. (3+4)

CM 8.2 - Describe and discuss the epidemiological and control measures including the use of essential laboratory tests at the primary care level for Non Communicable diseases (Diabetes, Hypertension,Stroke, obesity and cancer etc.)

CM 8.3 - Enumerate and describe disease-specific National Health Programmes including their prevention and treatment of a case.

RISK FACTORS OF NCD 

1. Tobacco control legislations  (MUHS 2014-S)

2. Enlist the traditional forms of tobacco use  (MUHS 2003-S)

3. Describe the characteristic features of non-commmunicable diseases. Discuss the risk factors of non-communicable disease.

HYPERTENSION

1. What do you mean by Essential Hypertension. (1 mark) 

What is tracking of blood pressure. (2 marks) 

What preventive measures will you take to reduce prevalence and complications due to hypertension? ( 4 marks) - MUHS-W-2025)

2. A 48-year-old male, a chain smoker, and taxi driver by profession developed severe headache and vomiting. When he was at work, he chose to eat street junk food. His mother had a history of hypertension. On examination, his blood pressure was 170/110 mm of Hg in the left arm sitting position.  Discuss the laboratory investigation that you would advise the patient. Describe the risk factors for raised blood pressure. Explain the prevention and control measures for hypertension.

3. Tracking of blood pressure  (MUHS 2007-S)

4. Explain the 'rule of halves' in hypertension.  (MUHS 2002-W)

CORONARY HEART DISEASE

1. Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease  (MUHS 2019-W, 2014-S)

2. Discuss epidemiology and Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. Write briefly on Stanford-Three-Community Study.  (MUHS 2018-W)

3. Describe the epidemiology of coronary heart diseases in India. Write in brief about the prevention of coronary heart diseases in India.  (MUHS 2017-W)

4. Magnitude of problem, risk factors and prevention of Coronary Heart Disease.  (MUHS 2015-S)

5. Write in brief about the strategies for prevention of coronary heart disease in India.  (MUHS 2005-S)

6. Coronary risk factors  (MUHS 2001-W)

DIABETES MELLITUS

1. A 40 year old male is diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus 2 years back. Currently he is complaining of tingling numbness in lower extremities and his blood sugar levels are very high. 

Give advice to this patient regarding diabetic foot care.

Decribe epidemiological determinants of Diabetes Mellitus.(MUHS 2023-W)

2. During a routine health checkup, a female patient aged 55 years was found to have a FPG of 160 mg/dl and PPG of 350 mg/dl. The physician diagnosed the individual as diabetic. Explain with the help of a flow chart the pharmacotherapy for the patient. Discuss the non-pharmacological advise for the patient.

3. Role of screening for diabetes  (MUHS 2018-S)

4. Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus  (MUHS 2015-S)

5. Discuss the epidemiology and interventions for prevention and care in diabetes mellitus  (MUHS 2013-W)

6. Prevention of diabetes  (MUHS 2001-W)

OBESITY

1. Define Obesity. Describe epidemiology of obesity. Describe its assessment/methods of measurement of Obesity. Describe prevention and control in the India community  (MUHS 2021-S, 2011-S, 2004-W)

2. Body mass index (BMI).  (MUHS 2015-W, 2005-W)

3. Assessment of Obesity  (MUHS 2013-S)

4. Describe the epidemiology of obesity and discuss prevention and control of obesity  (MUHS 2012-W)

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY

1. Discuss the causes of cancer. Prepare a checklist of warning signs of cancer to detect high risk individual for cancer.(MUHS 2023) 

2. Warning signs of cancer  (MUHS 2021-S, 2004-W)

3. Prevention of cancer.  (MUHS 2016-S)Primary Prevention of Cancer  (MUHS 2012-W,  2011-S,) 

4. Multifactorial aetiology of Cancers.  (MUHS 2015-W)

5. Cancer registry.  (MUHS 2015-S)

6. Describe epidemiology of cancers prevalent in India. Outline control measures for the same  (MUHS 2007-S) / Describe the aetiology and approaches for the prevention and control of cancer.  (MUHS 2006-W)

BREAST CANCER

1. A 56 year old female has found small lump in her breast. What important history questions do you like to ask in relation to this condition.(2 marks) What are the warning signals of breast cancer.(2 marks) Write in short about primary preventive measures of breast cancer.(3 marks) - (MUHS-W-2025)

2. Screening for breast cancer  (MUHS 2014-W, 2005-W) / Self examination of the breast - screening method for cancer breast.  (MUHS 2005-S)

CERVICAL CANCER

1. Prevention for Cancer Cervix  (MUHS 2011-W)

2. HPV vaccine.  (MUHS 2009-W)

NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMME - NCD

1. Describe the national programme for Non-Communicable Disease.

BLINDNESS

1. Describe the national programme for control of blindness and visual impairment.

RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASES

1. Describe the epidemiology, prevention and control of Rheumatic Heart Disease in India  (MUHS 2013-S)

2. Jone's criteria in acute rheumatic fever  (MUHS 2003-W)

ACCIDENTS

1. Define Accident. Enumerate different types of accidents and describe briefly the risk factors of road traffic accidents.Outline the preventive measures of road traffic accidents (MUHS 2024-W)

2. Enumerate the types of accidents Mention the risk factors of road traffic accidents and prevention  (MUHS 2016-S)

3. Define accident. What are different types of accident. Describe prevention and control of 'Road Traffic Accidents'.  (MUHS 2010-W, 2007-W)

4. Accident Prevention  (MUHS 2006-S)

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

CM 1.8 - Describe the Demographic profile of India and discuss its impact on health.

1. Enumerate the demographic Indicators. Describe the demographic profile of India. Discuss the impact of the demographic profile on health.

DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE

CM 9.1 - Define and describe the principles of Demography, Demographic cycle, and Vital statistics.

1. Describe briefly the stages of demographic cycle(MUHS-W-2024) / Enumerate and describe the stages of the demographic cycle. (MUHS-Winter 2022) / /Demographic cycle  (MUHS 2013-W, 2004-W, 2007-S, 2007-W, 2009-S, 2011-S, 2011-W, 2019-S, 2020-W)

2. Definition of Demography  (MUHS 2003-W)

3. The annual population growth rate of a country is more than 2. Comment on the status of population growth of this country. Draw the population pyramid of India, and describe it.(MUHS - Winter 2023)

4. Population pyramid(MUHS 2017-W, 2010-W)

5. Enumerate vital statistics. Describe the birth and death registration act.

DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS

CM 9.2 - Define, calculate and interpret demographic indices including birth rate, death rate, and fertility rates.

1. Fertility Indices  (MUHS 2020-W)

2. Factors responsible for high fertility in india.  (MUHS 2016-W)

3. Total Fertility rate.  (MUHS 2015-S)

4. Dependency ratio  (MUHS 2014-W)

5. Define fertility. Outline the various factors affecting fertility in India.  (MUHS 2012-W) / Define Fertility. Describe in brief factors affecting fertility. Enumerate with formulae any four indicators to measure fertility  (MUHS 2007-W)

6. Indicators of Fertility. Any six indicators  (MUHS 2003-W)

7. Define Fertility. Enumerate various fertility indicators. Explain the reasons for high fertility rate in India.

8. Enumerate demographic indicators. Write the formula for calculating these demographic indicators.

SEX RATIO

CM 9.3 - Enumerate and describe the causes of the declining sex ratio and its social and health implications.

CM 10.9 - Describe and discuss gender issues and women empowerment.

1. Declining Sex Ratio  (MUHS 2018-W)/Sex Ratio  (MUHS 2008-W)

2. Sex Ratio - Factors affecting sex ratio and prevention strategies to maintain sex ratio.  (MUHS 2015-W)

3. Girl child and gender bias.  (MUHS 2015-W)

4. Describe how gender bias affects health. Discuss measures to address these issues.

POPULATION EXPLOSION

CM 9.4 - Enumerate and describe the causes and consequences of the population explosion and population dynamics of India.

a) Enumerate the causes of population explosion. Describe the consequences of population explosion. Discuss measures that can be taken for population control.

NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY

CM 9.6 - Describe the National Population Policy.

a) Describe the National Population Policy./ National Population Policy 2000  (MUHS 2001-W, 2009-W)

HEALTH MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

CM 8.7 - Describe the principles of management of information systems.

CM 7.3 - Enumerate, describe and discuss the sources of epidemiological data.

CM 9.7 - Enumerate the sources of vital statistics including census, SRS, NFHS, NSSO etc.

1. Describe census and explain its use in Public Health(3+4)MUHS-W-25 / Census of India/Population Census  (MUHS 2018-S,  2020-W)

2. Health information system  (MUHS 2009-S)

3. National  Family Health Survey

4. Sample Registration System

FAMILY CM 9.5 - Describe the methods of population control.

FAMILY PLANNING METHODS

CM 10.6 - Enumerate and describe various family planning methods, their advantages and shortcomings.

1. A 27 year old mother with 2 children aged 4 years and 1 year has come to the OPD for family planning advice.

Write atleast three methods of contraception that can be offer to her.(3 marks)

Write merits and demerits of each of these methods with failure rate.(3 marks) (MUHS-W-2025)

2. Scope of Family Planning Services  (MUHS 2019-W)

3. Intrauterine Contraceptive Device/Copper T (MUHS 2019-S, 2015-S, 2011-S)

4. Enumerate various contraceptive methods. Describe the hormonal methods of contraception along with their advantages and disadvantages.  (MUHS 2014-S)

5. Post-conceptional contraceptive methods  (MUHS 2014-W) / Emergency Contraceptives  (MUHS 2013-S, 2012-W, 2009-W) 

6. Couple Protection rate  (MUHS 2013-W, 2005-S)

7. Male Pill  (MUHS 2011-W)

8. Male Sterilisation  (MUHS 2007-S)

9. Define Family Planning. Enumerate approaches adopted. Enumerate miscellaneous methods of contraception  (MUHS 2004-W)

10. Non-contraceptive benefits of sponge  (MUHS 2003-S)

11. Advantages of Condom  (MUHS 2002-W)

12. Conventional Contraceptives  (MUHS 2001-W)

FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME

CM 10.7 - Enumerate and describe the basis and principles of the Family Welfare Program including the organization, technical and operational aspects.

1. Educational Approach in Family Planning  ( MUHS 2008-S, 2007-W)

2. Evaluation of Family Planning Programme  (MUHS 2008-W)

3. Community Needs Assessment approach  (MUHS 2005-W)

4. Describe the family Welfare Programme.

MATERNAL HEALTH INDICATORS

CM 10.1 (MATERNAL HEALTH) - Describe the current status of Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health.

1. Define the term Maternal Mortality Rate. Enumerate causes for Maternal Mortality in our country. Describe briefly the mesures for reducing MMR(MUHS 2024-W) 

2. A primigravida women aged 20 years delivered at home by local dai. She started complaining of high grade fever with foul smelling vaginal discharge within 3 days of delivery. The symptoms worsened and progressed with pain in lower abdomen and increased pulse rate in next two days. She was admitted in a rural hospital, where her health further deteriorated and she died.(i)Identify factors that led to her death.(ii) Describe the complications in postnatal period. (iii) Describe the prevention and control measures to reduce maternal deaths in India (Winter 2023)

3. Define Maternal Mortality Rate.  What are the various causes of maternal mortality.  Discuss preventive and social measures for the same  (MUHS 2019-S) 

4. Maternal mortality.  (MUHS 2015-S)

5. Enumerate the indicators of Maternal and Child Health Care  (MUHS 2014-S)

6. Enumerate commonly used mortality indicators of MCH. Describe the measures to be taken to lower maternal mortality rate.  (MUHS 2005-S)

7. Define Maternal Mortality Rate. Enumerate various causes of high maternal mortality. Give preventive measures  (MUHS 2003-W)

8. Enlist causes of maternal mortality  (MUHS 2003-S)

9. What are the important causes of maternal deaths in India. How will you prevent and control maternal deaths to ensure safe motherhood  (MUHS 2001-W)

RISK APPROACH IN MCH

CM 10.2 - Enumerate and describe the methods of screening high risk groups and common health problems.

1. High risk pregnancy  (MUHS 2011-S)

2. Risk approach in maternal health care  (MUHS 2003-W)

3. Prenatal advice  (MUHS 2006-S)

4. High Risk Approach in Pregnancy and Screening of High Risk Pregnancies.

5. List the complications during post-natal period.  (MUHS 2016-W)

CULTURAL PRACTICES IN MCH

CM 10.3 - Describe local customs and practices during pregnancy, childbirth, lactation and child feeding practices.

1. Social Obstetrics  (MUHS 2007-S)

2. Describe the common local customs and practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and child feeding  practices.

NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES - MATERNAL HEALTH

CM 10.4 - Describe the reproductive, maternal, newborn & child health (RMCH); child survival and safe motherhood interventions.

1. Domestic midwifery care  (MUHS 2020-W)

2. Janani Suraksha Yojana  (MUHS 2019-W, 2011-W, 2010)

3. Dai Training Programme  (MUHS 2006-W)

4. Main highlights of reproductive and child health programme  (MUHS 2006-S)

5. Describe in detail about reproductive and Child Programme in India  (MUHS 2006-W)

6. Enlist the reasons for upcoming of  Reproductive and Child Health Programme. Describe the main highlights of the programme  (MUHS 2002-W)

7. Enumerate the various components of RMNCAH. Describe interventions for safe motherhood (maternal health).

CM 10.10 - Able to manage the health care services for reproductive and child care services under supervision

CHILD HEALTH INDICATORS

CM 10.1 (CHILD HEALTH) - Describe the current status of Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health.

PERINATAL MORTALITY RATE

1. Enumerate the common MCH indicators used (2 marks). Define perinatal mortality (2 marks). Write causes of perinatal mortality (3 marks). Describe the services to be strengthened to bring down perinatal mortality. (5 marks) (MUHS-W-2025)

2. Perinatal Mortality rate  (MUHS, 2015-W, 2013-S)

3. Define perinatal mortality. Enlist the causes of perinatal mortality. Discuss the preventive and Social measures to prevent perinatal mortality (MUHS 2022-W), 2011-S, 2020-W) 

4. Define Perinatal Mortality. Describe in detail various social and biological factors associated with it. What are the measures for itsprevention?  (MUHS 2018-S) 

NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE

1. Define neonatal mortality rate. Enumerate the medical causes and suggest intervention measures for reducing the same.  (MUHS 2005-W)

INFANT MORTALITY RATE

1. Define Infant mortality rate. Enumerate different causes of Infant mortality in India. Describe in brief control measures for infant mortality/Explain its prevention and control/Measures for reduction of IMR in rural India.  (MUHS 2004-W, 2008-W, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2018-W)

2. Preventive Health Interventions in Infants  (MUHS 2017-W)

CHILD HEALTH

CM 10.2 (CHILD HEALTH) - Enumerate and describe the methods of screening high risk groups and common health problems.

CM 10.4 (CHILD HEALTH) - Describe the reproductive, maternal, newborn & child health (RMCH); child survival and safe motherhood interventions.

NEWBORN CARE

1. Write note on care of healthy newborn. (MUHS 2023-W)

2. A 22 year old female delivered a baby girl at 36 weeks of gestation at the subcentre. It was a normal vaginal delivery with a birth weight of 2000 gms and an APGAR score of 7. (i) Discuss the immediate newborn care.(ii) Describe the detailed examination of a newborn including screening for common disorder.

3. Baby Firendly Hospital Initiative  (MUHS 2021-S, 2020-W. 2019-S, 2018-W, 2013-S, 2005-S)

4. Apgar score  (MUHS 2021-S, 2015-W, 2013-S )

5. Describe role of ASHA worker in providing Homebased newborn care to a child born with a birthweight of 1800 gm.

6. Discuss the role of various facility based care centres for neonates.

7. A 28 year old female gave birth to a male child weighing 1600 grams at PHC. After initial stabilisation, the child was referred to District Hospital. Discuss the various programmes and interventions relevant to newborn care.

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABY

1. A newborn baby weights 2.49 kg, when it was measured within one hour of birth.  Comment on the birth weight of this newborn. Discuss the causes of low birth weight baby. Add a note on Kangaroo Mother Care.(MUHS 2023-W)

2. Kangaroo Mother Care  (MUHS 2018-W, 2013-S)

3. Describe epidemiology, prevention and control of Low Birth Weight in India.  (MUHS 2016-W)

GENETICS AND HEALTH

1. Eugenics  (MUHS 2021-S, 2013-S, 2010-W, 2009-W, 2007-S, 2007-W, )

2. Genetic Counselling  (MUHS 2020-W, 2013-W, 2012-W, 2011-W, 2011-S, 2005-W, 2005-S, 2004-W)

3. Human genome diversity project  (MUHS 2019-S, 2014-S

4. Health promotion measures for genetic disorders. (MUHS 2018-S)

5. Sickle cell anaemia  (MUHS 2017-W, 2014-W,  2006-W,)

6. Genotype and phenotype  (MUHS 2016-S)

7. Population genetics.  (MUHS 2015-S)

8. Enlist applications of Genomics in Health   (MUHS 2002-W)

CHILD HEALTH PROBLEMS

1. Child trafficking  (MUHS 2020-W)

2. Child Placement  (MUHS 2019-W)

3. Conditions affecting learning  (MUHS 2015-S)

4. Health problems in children  (MUHS 2014-W)

5.  Juvenile deliquency  (MUHS 2011-W, 2011-S, 2010-W, 2007-S, 2006-W, 2001-W,

6. Define handicapped children. Write extent of problem, classification, causes and prevention of handicapped children  (MUHS 2009-W)

7. Child Guidance Clinic  (MUHS 2006-S)

8. Define and enlist classification of mental retardation  (MUHS 2004-W)

9. Prenatal -genetic aetiology of mental retardation  (MUHS 2003-W)

10. Symbol of underfive clinic /Under Five Clinic  (MUHS 2013-W, 2006-S, 2005-W)

SCHOOL CHILDREN

a) Enumerate the health problems of school children. Write the objectives and describe the various aspects of school health services in India  (MUHS 2009-S)

b) Health Education at school  (MUHS 2006-S)

c) Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram.

NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES - CHILD HEALTH

CM 10.5 (CHILD HEALTH) - Describe Universal Immunization Program; Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) and other existing Programs.

1. Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)  (MUHS 2016-S)

IMNCI

1. IMNCI  (MUHS 2012-W, 2011-W)

2. Briefly describe  the IMNCI approach.

IMMUNISATION

1. A 30 year mother brought her 2 year child for MR vaccination in Immunization OPD on Monday morning 10 am. Nurse working in Immunization OPD used MR vaccine which was reconstituted a day prior and kept in cold chain at 2-8 deg C to avoid wastage of vaccine. The child reported adverse events within few hours of vaccination.

(i) Identify the cause-specific category of the Adverse Event Following Immunization(AEFI) with reasons(2)

 (ii) Classifiy various cause specific categories of AEFI and steps of investigation of AEFI (MUHS 2024-W)Universal Immunization Programme  (MUHS 2021-S)

2. Adverse events following Immunization  (MUHS 2016-S)

3. Approaches for immunisation under UIP  (MUHS 2008-W, 2004-W, 2003-S)

4. Immunisation Schedule of a child from birth to 16 years of age

COLD CHAIN SYSTEM

1. Cold Chain  (MUHS 2013-S, 2011-S)

2. Vaccine Vial Monitor  (MUHS 2019-S)

3. Shake Test

4. At the UHTC, due to electrical repairs, there is going to be shut down of electricity. The ILR has one months stock of vaccines. It is not possible to shift the vaccine to another location. The maintenance department has assured that electricity would be restored in 6-8 hours.

(i) List the instructions that you would give to your staff.

(ii) Define hold over time and State the holdover time of ILR, Cold box and Vaccine Carrier.

(iii) Which are heat sensitive vaccine that are likely to be affected.

(iv) How will you check if the vaccines are in reusable condition after the restoration of electricity.

5. A staff has been newly appointed at the RHTC as Cold Chain Equipment Handler. Describe the instructions to the staff regarding storage of vaccines in ILR and preparation of ice packs. Explain how the vaccines should be packed in a vaccine carrier and arranged during the routine immunisation session..

INFANT YOUNG CHILD FEEDING

CM 5.12 - Demonstrate different types of breastfeeding holds, latching, manual expression of breast milk using a baby model and breast model.

CM 5.13 - Counsel a mother about complementary feeding for different age groups of the child covering the 8 dietary diversity food groups, quantity, frequency, consistency of the food.

CM 5.16 (CHILD HEALTH) - Have knowledge of breast feeding and complementary feeding Practices

CM 5.17 (CHILD HEALTH) - Ability to counsel mothers on breast feeding with focus on attachment to breast and correct position of the newborn

CM 5.18 (CHILD HEALTH) - Ability to counsel mothers on complementary feeding using National guidelines while being sensitive of cultural and socioeconomic influences.

CM 5.22 (CHILD HEALTH) - Counsel mother on breast feeding and complementary feeding

INFANT YOUNG CHILD FEEDING

a) Guidelines on infant and young child feeding  (MUHS 2015-W)

b) Advantages of breast feeding  (MUHS 2009-S, 2007-W, 2002-W,)

c) World Breastfeeding Week  (MUHS 2005-W)

ADOLESCENT HEALTH

CM 10.8 - Describe the physiology, clinical management and principles of adolescent health including ARSH.

1. What are the common health problems of adolescents ? What measurse can be taken to minimize these problems ?  (MUHS 2016-S)

2. Enumerate the common health problems of adolescents? Describe the role of Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics.

3. Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram.

CM 12.1 - Define and describe the concept of Geriatric services.

CM 12.2 - Describe health problems of aged population.

CM 12.3 - Describe the prevention of health problems of aged population.

CM 12.4 - Describe national programme for elderly.

CM 12.5 -  Able to identify the health needs to elderly individuals at the earliest

1. Classify the health problems of the aged with suitable examples.(3+1 marks). What are the preventive health care aspects in geriatric people?.(3 marks) - MUHS-W-2025

2. Outline briefly the health problems of the elderly (MUHS 2024-W). / Health Problems of old people/Aged population  (MUHS 2015-W, 2014-S, 2003-W)

3. Write in brief about life style and healthy ageing.  (MUHS 2016-S)

4. Care of Dependent Adults  (MUHS 2009-W)

5.  Describe the national programme for the health care of the elderly.

6. Describe how health care is provided to the elderly at the level of primary health care.

CM 11.1 - Enumerate and describe the presenting features of patients with occupational illness including agriculture.

CM 11.3 - Enumerate and describe specific occupational health hazards, their risk factors and preventive measures.

CM 11.4 - Describe the principles of ergonomics in health preservation.

CM 11.6 - Able to manage the occupational health services at factory or industry level in a simulated environment

PNEUMOCONISOSIS

1. Define Pneumoconiosis. Write name of Industries and causes related to Bagassosis, Byssinosis, Anthracosis, Silicosis, Asbestosis & Farmer's / Lung.(Winter 2022)

2. Anthracosis  (MUHS 2020-W)

3. Pneumoconiosis  (MUHS 2019-S)

4. Classify pneumoconiosis. Discuss the epidemiology of asbestosis and explain the preventive measures against the same.  (MUHS 2017-W)

5. Classify pneumoconiosis. List the preventive measures against occupational diseases  (MUHS 2013-S)

6. Define pneumoconiosis. Classify various types of pneumoconiosis commonly seen in India. Describe silicosis in brief  (MUHS 2011-W)

7. Define pneumonconiosis and write about epidemiology, prevention and control of silicosiss  (MUHS 2014-S)

8. Silicosis  (MUHS 2011-S)

9. Bagassosis  (MUHS 2010-W, 2006-W, 2005-S)

10. Enumerate the Occupational Hazards of Agricultural workers. 

Describe X-ray picture in silicosis, anthracosis and asbestosis  (MUHS 2003-S)

AGRICULTURAL WORKERS

1. Occupational health hazards in agricultural workers  (MUHS 2021-S)

2. Health hazards for agriculture workers.  (MUHS 2018-S 2016-W 2009-S)

3. Farmers Lung.  (MUHS 2007-W)

OCCUPATIONAL CANCERS

1. Occupational Cancers  (MUHS 2004-W)

INDUSTRIALISATION

1.  Ill effects of noise in a factory  (MUHS 2006-S)

2. q) Health Problems due to Industrialisation  (MUHS 2009-W 2004-W 2003-W)

3. r) Sickness absenteeism  (MUHS 2017-W, 2016-S, 2013-W, 2012-W, 2011-W, 2010-W , 2006-W )

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

1. Classify and enlist occupational diseases based on various causative agents. Describe prevention and control measures of occupational diseases.(6+6)MUHS-W-25

2. Describe Occupational Environment. Enumerate measures of Health Protection of Workers. Role of Factory Medical Officer in prevention of occupational diseases.  (MUHS 2018-W)

3. Define occupational health Write in brief about the Medical and Engineering measures for prevention of occupational diseases.  (MUHS 2016-S)

4. Define ergonomics. Enumerate various occupational lung diseases. Describe various Engineering measures to prevent occupational diseases.  (MUHS 2015-W)

5. Define occupational health. Describe in detail of various approaches to promote occupational health.  (MUHS 2015-S)

6. Enumerate the medical measures for prevention of occupational diseases  (MUHS 2014-S)

7. Describe various measures for prevention of occupational diseases.  (MUHS 2013-W)

8. Define occupational health. Describe in brief medical, engineering and legislative measures to prevent and control occupational disease  (MUHS 2008-W)

9. Preplacement Examination  (MUHS 2005-W)

10. Enumerate occupational health hazards due to physical , chemical and biological agents. Discuss the measure of prevention of occupational diseases. 

ESIS -EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE ACT

CM 11.2 - Describe the role, benefits and functioning of the Employees State Insurance Scheme.

1. a) Enumerate occupational hazards due to physical agents (2)

b) Write in brief about benefits to Employees under ESIS act 1948 (5) - MUHS-2024-W

2. Write scopes of Employees State Insurance Act 1948.  Describe Medical Benefits under ESI act 1948. (Winter 23)

3. Maternity Benefit under ESIS act 1948 (Winter 23)

4. Explain in brief the Employees State Insurance Act 1948  (MUHS 2021-S)

5. The ESIS act 1948  (MUHS 2014-W)

6. Social security  (MUHS 2013-W 2007-W 2004-W)

7. Describe the benefits provided under ESIS/Benefits under ESIS act  (MUHS 2013-W, 2005-W, 2002-W).

8. Benefits of ESIS Act to Employers  (MUHS 2013-S 2003-W)

9. Enumerate legal provisions for working people. Describe in brief the provisions under ESIS Act  (MUHS 2010-W)

10. Enumerate any six legislations passed by the Indian parliament to protect the health and welfare of the workers. Briefly describe any five benefits given under ESI Act to workers  (MUHS 2007-S)

11. Enumerate different social security legislations in India. Describe medical, sickness and maternity benefits under ESIS  (MUHS 2005-S).

FACTORIES ACT

1. Factories Act (Winter 22)

2. Benefits under factory act 1948  (MUHS 2006-S

3. Define Social security. Enumerate various legislations framed to safeguard the health and welfare of the worker. Breifly describe the provisions of factory act  (MUHS 2001-W)

OCCUPATIONAL DISORDERS IN HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS

CM 11.5 - Describe occupational disorders of health professionals and their prevention & management.

1. Enumerate occupational hazards of healthcare professionals. Describe the preventive measures and management of these occupational hazards.

CM 13.1 - Define and describe the concept of Disaster management.

CM 13.2 - Describe disaster management cycle.

CM 13.3 - Describe man made disasters in the world and in India.

CM 13.5 - Able to understand the management of handing a disaster in a simulated environment

CONCEPT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1. What do you mean by Disaster?(1 mark)

Explain Disaster cycle with diagram.(3 marks)

As a Medical Officer of a cyclone prone block, how will you proceed for preparedness  to tackle the impending disaster in your area (3 marks). MUHS-W-2025

2. Schematically represent the sequence of management of Disaster. Add a note on Triage.

3. Manmade disaster (MUHS 2023-W)

4. Triage in disaster management.  (MUHS 2022-W, 2020-W, 2014-W, 2012-W, 2011-S)

5.  Disaster cycle.  (MUHS 2017-W)

6. Precautions to reduce the effects of an earthquake.  (MUHS 2016-W)

7. Define Disaster. Enumerate different types of disasters. Describe disaster preparedness.  (MUHS 2006-S)

8. Define Disaster. Enumerate examples of Natural Disasters. Discuss the impact of natural disasters.

National Disater Management Authority

CM 13.4 - Describe the details of the National Disaster management Authority.

1. Discuss the role of National Disaster Management Authority.

CM 14.1 - Define and classify hospital waste.

CM 14.2 - Describe various methods of treatment of hospital waste.

CM14.4 - Able to segregate the various hospital waste

a) Define biomedical waste. Classify the type of hospital waste .State the health hazards of hospital waste.

1. Discuss various methods of of disposal of health care waste.(7)MUHS-W-25

2. (i) Define biomedical waste along with sources of these wastes (ii) Write in detail about health hazards due to such wastes-MUHS 2024-W)

3. What are the hazards of health care waste. Write in brief about the various treatment and disposal technologies for health care waste.  (MUHS 2021-S)

4. Categories of Biomedical Waste  (MUHS 2020-W)

5. Hazards of health care waste /Health hazards of health care waste  (MUHS 2020-W, 2018-S, 2014-S, 2012-W, 2006-S)

6.  Classification and safe disposal of Hospital Waste  (MUHS 2016-S)

7.  Universal precautions  (MUHS 2005-W)

BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES

CM14.3 - Describe laws related to hospital waste management.

1. Biomedical Waste Management Rules , 2016.

CONCEPT OF MENTAL HEALTHCM 

15.1 - Define and describe the concept of Mental Health.

a) Define Mental Health. Describe the characteristics of mentally healthy person. How is mental health assessed?

1. Enlist the causes of mental ill-health.(MUHS 2022-W) / Causes of Mental Health  (MUHS 2012-W)

2. Approaches for Management and Prevention of Drug Addictions  (MUHS 2018-W)

3. Characteristics of mentally healthy person  (MUHS 2009-S)

4. Write type causes and prevention of mental illnesses  (MUHS 2009-W)

5. Characteristics  of motivated person.  (MUHS 2007-W)

6. Enumerate the common causes of mental health problems. Describe the methods for assessment of mental health and protection of mentally ill-health  persons (MUHS 2001)

WARNING SIGNS OF MENTAL HEALTH

CM 15.2 - Describe warning signals of mental health disorder.

CM 15.4 - Able to recognise the mental issues among individuals, families and community

1. Enumerate six warning signs of poor mental health. (3 marks). Write in short about social stigma associated with mental illness. (4 marks) - MUHS-W-2025

2. Warnings signs of Poor Mental Health  (MUHS 2005-S, 2006-W, 2007-S, 2010-W, 2011-S, 2016-S, 2017-W, 2024-W)

3. Prepare a checklist of >10 questions to aid in checking one's own mental health. Discuss the causes of mentall illness.(MUHS 2023-W)

4.  Characteristics of mentally ill persons  (MUHS 2014-W)

DRUG ABUSE

1. Preventive measures for drug addiction  (MUHS 2021-S)

2. Agent of drug dependence  (MUHS 2020-W)

3. Symptoms of drug addiction /Drug addiction  (MUHS 2019-S, 2008-W, 2004-W)

4. Prevention of drug dependence  (MUHS 2019-W)

5. Drug abuse  (MUHS 2018-S)

6. Secondary Prevention of Mental Illness  (MUHS 2003-S)

7. Define 'Drug Dependence'.  Describe the health hazards of tobacco use and the approaches to be adopted to prevent the same in our country  (MUHS 2001-W)

ALCOHOLISM

1. Enlist warning signals of poor mental health. What are the causes of mental ill health? Write on preventive and control measures against alcoholism.  (MUHS 2015-W)

TOBACCO ADDICTION

1. Tobacco Addiction

NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME

CM 15.3 - Describe National Mental Health programme.

1. Describe Mental Health Programme.

HEALTH PLANNING CYCLE

CM 16.2 - Describe the planning cycle.

1. Enumerate steps of planning cycle in health. (3 marks). Write about network analysis with examples.(4 marks) - MUHS-W-2025

2. Enumerate the various steps in health planning.(Winter 22).

3. Define the term planning. Discuss various steps of health planning cycle  (MUHS 2019-W) / Planning Cycle  (MUHS 2018-W 2016-W 2014-W 2009-W 2005-W 2005-S)

4. Describe in detail planning cycle.  (MUHS 2015-S)

5. National Health Planning  (MUHS 2007-S)

6. During the Family Adoption Programme, the Community Survey, revealed that Tuberculosis, Malaria, Environmental issues like dumping garbage, lack of ORS,  open air defaecation exists in the community. The Community Medicine department aims to improve the health and reduce TB the community. Discuss the planning cycle using the above example.

HEALTH MANAGEMENT

CM 16.3 - Describe Health management techniques.

1. Enumerate different management techniquues. Add a note on Network Analysis MUHS2024-W) 

2. Network analysis in health management/PERT  (MUHS 2021-S, 2020-W,  2016-S, 2013-W, 2013-S, 2011-W, 2011-S, 2009-S, 2008-W, 2007-S,  2002-W)

3. Cost benefit analysis.  (MUHS 2015-S)

4. What is management. Enumerate various management methods and techniques. Write down network analysis in detail  (MUHS 2014-W)

5. Work sampling  (MUHS 2012-W)

6. Enumerate uses of cost analysis  (MUHS 2004-W)

7. Zero based budgeting. Differences from Incremental budget  (MUHS 2003-S)

8. Enumerate functions of manager  (MUHS 2002-W)

9. Differentiate between cost effective analysis, cost benefit analysis and cost  accounting with the help of an example.

EVALUATION OF HEALTH SERVICES

1. Basic steps of evaluation of health services  (MUHS 2008-W)

2. Elements of Evaluation  (MUHS 2003-W)

HEALTH PLANNING IN INDIA

CM 16.1 - Define and describe the concept of Health planning.

CM 16.4 - Describe health planning in India and National policies related to health and health planning.

CM 16.5 - Demonstrate understanding of concepts of Health planning in India and various health care economics analysis

CM 17.4 - Describe National policies related to health and health planning and millennium development goals.

1. Explain the Panchayati Raj system// Panchayati Raj Institution(MUHS 2023-W)

2. Panchayat Raj System  (MUHS 2009-W, 2019-S, 2021-S)

3. Shrivastava committee  (MUHS 2020-W)

4. Bhore Committee  (MUHS 2019-S, 2015-S, 2013-W , 2002-W , 2005-W, 2).

5. Describe /Write details about Integrated disease surveillance project.  (MUHS 2019-W)

6. Discuss National Rural Health Mission in detail  (MUHS 2019-S)

7. Describe the salient features of national health policy 2017/ 2006-W, 2002)

8. Recommendations of Kartar Singh Committee  (MUHS 2017-W).

9. Enumerate health committees appointed by GOI (any six)  (MUHS 2007-S).  

10. Define Health Planning. Describe the role of Niti Ayog. 

11. Sustainable Development Goals related to Health

C

CM 17.1 - Define and describe the concept of health care to community.

a) Universal Health Coverage.

b) Describe the approaches to health care.

COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

CM 17.2 - Describe community diagnosis.

1. Describe Community Diagnosis./ Communtiy diagnosis  (MUHS 2017-W, 2005-S) 

2. Community treatment  (MUHS 2014-S)

3. Enumerate common health problems in India.

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

CM 17.3 - Describe primary health care, its components and principles.

1.  Principles of Primary Health Care  (2020-W, MUHS 2018-S, 2016-S, 2015-S , 2014-S)

2. Elements of Primary Health Care  (MUHS 2014-W, 2006-W)

3. Define Primary Health Care. Describe in detail the principles and elements of primary health care.  (MUHS, 2013-W, 2011-W, 2009-S, 2006-W, 2003-W , 2003-S)

4. Define Primary Health Care. Write on Principles of Primary Health Care. Enumerate the various sectors or agencies which provide the health care in India.  (MUHS 2012-W)

5. Define primary health care and describe/enumerate the principles of primary health care. Enumerate/describe the functions of primary health centre  (MUHS 2011-S, 2006-S,)

6. Define Comprehensive health care. Describe principles of primary health care.  (MUHS 2007-S)

7. Definition and Principles of Primary Health care  (MUHS 2007-W)

8. Appropriate technology in primary health care  (MUHS 2005-S)

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

CM 17.5 - Describe health care delivery in India.

1. Organization of Public Health Care System In India  (MUHS 2020-W)

2. Health Care Delivery system in India  (MUHS 2013-S)

3. Indian Public Health standards under NRHM   (MUHS 2010-W)

4. Describe the three tier health care delivery system in rural areas in india  (MUHS 2005-W)

5. Health insurance in India  (MUHS 2017-W)

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE LEVEL

1. A primary health centre in rural area caters to 80000 population. Currently the staff at PHC is one medical officer, one ANM, one pharmacist and one sweeper. a) Comment on the administrative setup of this PHC.b) Describe the essential health services given at PHC, as per IPHS standards.(MUHS 2023-W)

2. Write the population norms for various healthcare facilities in India. Discuss the staff pattern of a Primary Healthcare Centre. Enlist and describe the job responsibilities of a Medical Officer of a Primary Healthcare Centre.(MUHS 2022-W)

3. Write in detail about IPHS for PHC  (MUHS 2019-W)

4. Job responsibilities of ASHA  (MUHS 2019-W, 2019-S,  2013-S, 2011-W,)

5. Village Health Sanitation committee.  (MUHS 2015-S)

6. Functions of Health Worker Female  (MUHS 2011-S 2009-S)

7. Job Functions of Health Worker Male  (MUHS 2009-W)

8. Functions of Primary Health Centre  (MUHS 2007-S 2005-S)

9. Duties of Medical Officer in Primary Health Care  (MUHS 2001-W)

SECONDARY HEALTH CARE LEVEL

1. Services provided at first referral unit  (MUHS 2014-S)

TERTIARY HEALTH CARE LEVEL

1. Define Primary health care.(2 marks) Write a note on preventive services by your medical college and hospital.(5 marks) - MUHS-W-2025

VOLUNTARY AGENCIES

1. Activities of Voluntary Health Agencies  (MUHS 2019-W

2. Role of voluntary sector in health care delivery  (MUHS 2018-S)

3. Functions of voluntary health agencies  (MUHS 2012-W)

HEALTH SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

CM 17.6 - Demonstrate understanding of health system functioning in India

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS

CM 18.1 - Define and describe the concept of International health.

1. International Health Regulations  (MUHS 2001-W)

2. Emporiatrics  (MUHS 2007-S, 2009-S)

3. Define International Health. Describe the concept of International Health and International Health Regulations.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

CM 18.2 - Describe roles of various international health agencies.

CM 18.3 - Demonstrate understanding role of various international and national agencies in health & disease with prevention of emergence and re-emergence of diseases and prevention of pandemic and handling the Pandemic

WHO

1. Structure of WHO (MUHS Winter 2022 - 7 marks)

2. Functions of World Health Organisation / World Health Organization  (MUHS 2003-W, 2009-S, 2014-S, 2015-S, 2017-W, 2018-S, 2019-S)

UNICEF

• UNICEF (MUHS Winter 2023 - 7 marks) (MUHS 2011-S, 2018-W, 2021-S. 2023-W)

• Functions of UNICEF (MUHS Winter 2024- 7 marks) (MUHS 2004-W, 2008-W, 2010-W, 2024-W) 

• What is UNICEF?(1 mark) What are content of UNICEF services?(3 marks). Write about GOBI campaign?.(3 marks) (MUHS Winter 2025)

• Services of UNICEF (MUHS Summer 2026 - 7 marks)

• UNICEFS GOBI campaign  (MUHS 2005-W)

Others

• World Health Day (MUHS 2005-S)

• Activities of Rockfeller Foundation in India  (MUHS 2012-W)

• Indian Red Cross  (MUHS 2001-W, 2006-S)

• of Cooperative For Assistance and Relief Everywhere in India.  (MUHS 2016-W)

ESSENTIAL MEDICINES

1. Discuss the concept of essential medicine list. List the utility of essential medicine list.

2. Describe roles of essential medicine in primary health care?

COUNTERFEIT MEDICINES

1. Define counterfeit medicines. Describe measures to prevent and address counterfeit medicines.

STOCK CALCULATION

1. Describe the mechanism of identifying and calculation of requirements of various medicines and essential medicine at primary health care.

CM 20.1 - List important public health events of the last five years.

CM 20.3 - Describe any event important to the Health of the Community.

CM 20.4 - Demonstrate awareness about laws pertaining to practice of medicine such as Clinical establishment Act and Human Organ Transplantation Act and its implications.

Competency: Demonstrate ability to communicate to patients in a patient, respectful, non-threatening, non-judgmental and empathetic manner

1. A 50 year old man is asked to undergo colonoscopy. He has been repeatedly cancelling  his appointments for colonoscopy. He expresses fear and concerns about the procedure. Describe how you would deal such an anxious patient.

2. A woman has been waiting for her OPD consultation, now almost for 3 hours. She had left her two kids with the neighbour.  As soon as the doctor arrives in the OPD, fuming with anger, she tells the doctor that she has been waiting here for such a long time. In a raised voice she tells the doctor that he probably does not understand the special arrangements she had to make to come to the clinic. Describe the techniques to manage such a patient with anger.

3. A woman rushes her husband into the emergency room after he suddenly developed left sided weakness. Using the SPIKES model, discuss how you would communicate the diagnosis of stroke to the patient's relative.

4. A 50 year old corporate worker presented to the outpatient department with complaints of weight gain and dyspnoea on exertion. He is a chain smoker and is found to be hypertensive on examination. the patient also has a fmaily history of Ischaemic Heart Disease and Diabetes. his body mass index is 32 kg/m2. How will you counsel the worker using Kalamazoo consensus statement. (MUHS Winter 2024)

1. Explain the term 'medical ethics'. Describe the four principles of medical ethics.

2. Explain the term 'informed consent'. Discuss the purpose of taking consent. 

3. A 45 year old man has been advised to undergo angioplasty. 

Describe the different elements of informed consent.

4. A 21 year old man presents to the OPD accompanied by his wife with complaints of genital ulcer. The man travels frequently to the neighbouring state for work related matters. He has on multiple occasions visited brothels during his visits.  On examination and further laboratory investigation, the man is diagnosed with syphilis. The husband has requested the doctor not to reveal his condition to the wife. The wife asks the doctor about the diagnosis and the reasons for his condition. 

Why is it important to assure confidentiality to patients? Discuss the circumstances under which confidentiality can be breached..